BDA

BDA closes the targeting loop. Without BDA, the commander cannot determine whether a strike achieved its effect or whether re-engagement is needed. Timely BDA is as important as the strike itself.

BDA Components

Physical Damage Assessment (PDA) — What was physically destroyed or damaged? Percentage of a facility, number of vehicles, personnel casualties.

Functional Damage Assessment (FDA) — Is the target system still capable of performing its intended function? A headquarters building may be physically damaged but the unit may have reconstituted and resumed command.

Target System Assessment (TSA) — What is the overall effect on the enemy's capability across the entire target system? This is the strategic-level view.

BDA Collection Methods

• Direct observation: JTAC, forward observer, or ground unit on-site
• Imagery: UAV video feed, overhead imagery analysis
• SIGINT: Changes in enemy communications patterns post-strike
• Human intelligence: Reports from local sources

Reporting

BDA is reported immediately after a fire mission via the same reporting chain as the original request. The TOC logs BDA against each target in the fire support plan.