METT-TC

METT-TC is the foundation of tactical decision-making. Each factor influences the others; no single factor can be analyzed in isolation.

The Six Factors

Mission

The commander's analysis begins and ends with mission. The restated mission must answer: Who, What (task), When, Where, Why (purpose). All other factors are analyzed relative to their effect on mission accomplishment.

Enemy

Analysis covers enemy composition, disposition, strength, capabilities, and most likely / most dangerous courses of action (MLCOA / MDCOA). The IPB (Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield) process drives enemy analysis.

Terrain and Weather

Uses the OAKOC framework:

• Observation and Fields of Fire — where can you see and shoot?
• Avenues of Approach — where can forces move?
• Key Terrain — what ground provides marked advantage?
• Obstacles — what restricts movement?
• Cover and Concealment — what protects from fire and observation?

Weather analysis adds: visibility, precipitation, temperature extremes, wind, and their effect on sensors, aviation, and personnel.

Troops and Support Available

Inventory of friendly forces: organic elements, attachments, detachments, and support relationships (OPCON, TACON, DS, GS, R, GSR). Assess training level, morale, fatigue, and recent combat experience.

Time Available

Calculate time from mission receipt to execution. Apply the one-third / two-thirds rule. Identify the latest time to issue the WARNO and OPORD to preserve subordinate planning time.

Civil Considerations

Assess the human terrain using ASCOPE: Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, Events. Civilian presence affects ROE, information operations, and logistics planning.